Cultural Contexts and Urban Design: Women’s Experiences of Safety in Public Spaces in Iran and the United States

Abstract

This study investigates the perceptions of women regarding public spaces and their sense of security in two distinct cultural contexts: Iran and the United States. Through qualitative research, including in-depth interviews with women from both locations—specifically, Milwaukee in the U.S. and various cities in Iran—this paper examines how environmental factors, such as urban design and law enforcement presence, intersect with cultural and societal norms to shape women’s experiences and feelings about safety in public areas. The findings reveal that while urban design plays a significant role in influencing perceptions of safety, underlying cultural factors, including gender roles and societal expectations, are equally critical in shaping women's navigation of these spaces. Despite the geographical and cultural differences, women from both contexts expressed common concerns regarding insecurity in public spaces, highlighting the universal nature of these experiences. This research underscores the necessity for urban planning to encompass not only the physical infrastructure of public spaces but also the cultural dynamics that influence women's safety. By advocating for a more inclusive approach to urban design that considers gender-specific needs, this study aims to contribute to the development of safer public environments for women globally. The findings call for a reevaluation of urban policies to foster environments that empower women and enhance their ability to engage freely in public life.