New pharmacological strategies for the treatment of insomnia

Abstract

Insomnia is a common sleep disorder that is described as difficulty starting or maintaining sleep, or sleep failure
to recover from impaired daytime functions (such as irritability or fatigue while awake). The etiology and
pathophysiology of insomnia are complex, including genetic, environmental, behavioral and physiological factors,
which ultimately lead to excessive arousal, which is a state of increased psychological and physical stress. This
condition can lead to interruption of the sleep-wake cycle, followed by auxiliary symptoms such as fatigue, inattention,
and mood swings. The current treatment for insomnia is a benzodiazepine (BZD) receptor agonist (GABA-A receptor).
However, due to the insufficient safety and effectiveness of these molecules, the administration of these molecules is
not ideal. Describe the latest developments in the coordinated sleep/wake control process that will improve the way we
deal with insomnia. Current research emphasizes new goals for drug discovery. This review will summarize research
on sleep-wake cycle regulators that may be related to the treatment of insomnia..